A mass tort is a set of many individual injury claims against one or a few defendants arising from the same product, drug or event. The claims stay individual but are often managed together, which links their outcomes and timelines.
Examples include pharmaceutical, medical device and environmental exposure cases. Federal cases are commonly consolidated in a multidistrict proceeding, where bellwether trials and global settlement programs shape how the group resolves.
Correlation is the central feature. A ruling on causation, a bellwether result or a defendant's financial condition affects every claimant at once, which breaks the independence that conventional diversification assumes.
A mass tort is not a class action. Claimants retain individual claims and generally decide individually whether to participate in a settlement.
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