Qui tam is a provision, notably in the False Claims Act, that lets a private person sue on behalf of the government and share in any recovery. The relator files under seal and the government decides whether to intervene.
These cases typically allege fraud against government programs such as healthcare, defense and procurement. They run under seal while the government investigates, which can take a long time.
The relator's share depends on whether the government intervenes. Outcomes differ sharply between intervened and non-intervened cases, which makes the government's decision a key checkpoint.
A qui tam action is not an ordinary whistleblower complaint to an agency. It is a lawsuit brought in the government's name with a statutory reward structure.
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