Jurisdiction is a court's legal authority to hear a case and decide it, based on the subject matter and the parties. It also names the body of law that governs the dispute.
Subject-matter jurisdiction determines which system, state or federal, and which court within it can hear the claim. Personal jurisdiction determines whether the court has authority over the defendant.
In outcome measurement, the word is also used for the legal regime that applies. Rules on damages, limitation periods, comparative fault and funding disclosure differ across jurisdictions, and each is part of why results differ.
Jurisdiction is not a measure of where a case is convenient. A challenge to jurisdiction can end a case or move it.
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